How to Use Solar Energy to Heat a Pool

How to Use Solar Energy to
Heat a Pool

Heating a pool can be a very costly
undertaking that could be potentially damaging
to the environment. As pools are mainly used
during the summer heat or in locations that
are hot year round, sunlight may be a smart
option to keep the water at a comfortable
temperature. The success of heating your pool
with sunlight will vary depending on how much
sun you get, the size of your pool, and the
method that you choose to heat your water.

Add more length to your hose when
you are filling your pool. The length
of the hose contributes to the temperature
of the water within it. While fifty feet of
hose is generally sufficient, more length
means that the water in the hose will have
more time to warm up and the added
surface area gives off more heat as well.
[1]
Use a dark colored hose because the
darker the color, the more solar
energy is absorbed. [2]
A black rubber hose is ideal and is
relatively inexpensive. Alternately,
use black garden irrigation pipe
because it is thin-walled to allow
quick heat transfer. While it is
inexpensive, it will also kink easily.
Both are readily found in most home
supply stores.
Angle your hose towards the sun and
try to expose as much of it to the
sun. When filling your pool, point the hose
directly towards the sun or leave space
between your hose and any surface so it
does not cast a shadow onto itself. This
allows a greater angle for the moving sun
to strike the hose and heat the water
within.
Mount your hose on a board that can
be angled towards the sun for more
exposure.
In some cases you may want to
mount the hose on a board and
attach it to a sun-facing roof. This is
not recommended unless you have a
suitable low roof, such a shed, or are
skilled at working at roof height.
Fill the pool slowly. Use a thinner
stream of water when filling your pool
because it will heat more quickly. Try
keeping the stream around half an inch in
diameter to allow it to take in heat while
still filling the pool at a decent rate. Use a
hose that is ⅝ or ¾ inch to slowly fill the
pool. [3]
Most in-ground pools will have a hose
bib that may be used to drain water
from the pool. allowing the pool to fill
slower will allow the water to spend
more time collecting heat as it moves
from the pipes, to the hose, to the
pool.
Set many pipes in parallel when
using an above ground pool to
increase heat gain. Water will heat up any
time they flow within exposed pipes that
are above the ground. Be cautious
because the sun can heat exposed pipes
to a temperature dangerous to the touch.
If your system is working correctly,
your pipes should be cool to the
touch, as this means the solar heat is
being harvested and transferred to
the water, instead of being released
to your hand.
Above-ground pools will lose more
heat overnight, when overnight
temperatures drop below the pool
water temperature.
Prevent energy from being lost. The
biggest loss of energy within water is
from the surface due to evaporation. This
can be prevented by buying a pool cover.
A pool cover that is translucent will allow
the water to absorb solar energy during
the day without losing it throughout the
night. [4]
When a cover is on for 12 hours of
the day, up to a 5 degree fahrenheit
difference from air temperature can
be seen. [5]
Pool covers not only reduce cleaning
time but also the amount of
chemicals needed to clean the water.
[6] This will prevent you from needing
to drain your pool and thus, start
collecting energy over again.
Use a solar blanket. Solar blankets
are pool covers that look like bubble
wrap but are designed specifically to soak
in the maximum amount of solar energy,
and transfer it to your pool. [7] They are
noted to produce a 5-15 degree increase in
water temperature. [8] Simply cover your
pool by placing the bubble side down and
heat cannot escape, even or cold and rainy
days.
Solar blankets are an inexpensive
option as they cost approximately
$75 and will last up to five years.
Solar blankets also keep debris off of
your pool and are great to use at
night when most of the heat that was
collected from the daylight is lost.
Method One of Two:
Harnessing Solar Energy on a Budget solar collector on
the roof of your home. These are
made of heavy duty rubber and coated
with a UV light inhibitor to extend the life
of your panels.

 [9] Solar collectors work by
pumping water through the solar collectors
which are then warmed by the sun.
Unglazed solar collectors have
inexpensive parts and simple designs
making them significantly less
expensive than glazed solar
collectors. Unglazed solar collectors
are approximately $3000 and last up
to 7 years.
Mount glazed solar collectors around
your home. These are a more
expensive alternative to unglazed solar
collectors but are more effective in
producing heat. Glazed solar collectors are
made from copper tubing sandwiched
between an aluminum plate and iron-
tempered glass.
 [10]
Maintain your filter to ensure that it
is effectively cleaning debris from
your pool. Pool water is pumped through
both the filter and the solar collectors so
keeping them properly maintained ensures
that they are performing at their peak and
no heat is lost.
 [11]
Maintain your pump. Usually a pump
circulates the heated water from the
solar collectors back into your pool. If your
pump is working poorly, you aren’t getting
the most out of your solar collectors.

[12]
Be careful not to let water drain from
the hosepipe so that the pump is
running "dry" as this will damage the
pump. Once water is flowing be sure
to keep the end of the hose in the
pool to prevent it from running dry.
Employ solar rings. These clear,
inflatable disks will heat your pool
effectively, as one ring transfers up to
21,000 BTU a day. [13]
The advantage to solar rings is that
they are easily removed and
disassembled for winter storage. [14]
Buy enough rings to cover
approximately 80% of your pool. A
ring is generally 59 inches in
diameter.
Rings will generally last 5 years and
cost up to twenty dollars each but,
considering that they don’t use any
electricity, this is a moderate cost.
To set up the rings, use 4-5 breaths
to fill the outer ring with air. Next,
inflate the inner rings using the same
method. Remember to scrunch the
ring up with your hand to distribute
the air. It’s unnecessary to fill the
rings all the way as they will be just
as effective while mostly filled. [15]
Rings can be left on your pool while
the cover is being used.

The 6 Commandments of Passive Solar Water Heaters

The 6 Commandments of
Passive Solar Water Heaters
If your heater’s specifications and installation
follow these six commandments, it will work
admirably and will supply inexpensive solar-
warmed water, no matter which specific
design you choose.
1. Locate your heater for maximum solar
exposure. Find a sunny, south-facing
location, preferably close to the backup heater
to minimize piping distance. You might have
to do some calculating to be sure your solar
collector will be exposed to the sun when you
want hot water, but placement and orientation
are the single most important considerations.
Remember the sun is high in summer, low in
winter. Specific optimum angles for your
location during any month of the year can be
found here . (Click “Data Services,” then select
“Altitude and Azimuth of the Sun or Moon
During One Day.”)
Next, determine where your heater will be
installed — roof, platform, wall or ground —
keeping in mind that a filled three-tank 90-
gallon system can weigh more than 800
pounds when full of water. For most
applications, it’s best to keep a large solar
heater on the ground or on a specially built
platform. A rooftop installation may be placed
above a load-bearing wall or reinforced
section of roof. Ground mounting is easiest,
and eliminates the weight problem.
2. Make the collector and storage tank(s) as
efficient as you can. First, decide on the type
of tank(s) you’ll use for your heater. Tanks
come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes,
but long, thin cylinders are the most efficient
(they have the greatest ratio of surface area
to water volume). The cheapest and easiest of
these to obtain are used electric water heater
cores. Examine the “sacrificial anode,” a rod
made of metal with a low resistance to
corrosion that is inserted into the tank from
the top to attract any corrosive elements in
the water. Replace it if substantial corrosion
and/or consumption is evident. A new one
costs only a few bucks, and it will add
measurably to the longevity of your system.
Check carefully for leaks, and never use a
tank that you have doubts about. Wire-brush
it and paint it with rust-resistant flat black
paint, or apply a selective surface coating if
you can afford it.
If you prefer new tanks, you can order glass-
lined electrical water heater cores — minus
the heating element, outer insulation and
sheet metal cover. Stainless steel tanks also
may be available in some areas. (See “Solar
Sources” below.)
3. Ensure that your system will retain heat.
There are a number of options for glazing the
top and the south-facing wall of your unit,
including single- and double-paned glass or
fiberglass and plastics designed for extended
solar exposure. In most cases, you should use
two layers of your chosen glazing material
with an air space between to provide
maximum heat retention. Glass is generally a
suitable glazing for owner-built heaters,
unless you get severe hail. Twin-wall
polycarbonate is a tough alternative. Be sure
to flash the glazing carefully to avoid leaks
and to caulk and seal the panes to avoid
condensation, which can limit energy capture.
4. Size your heater appropriately. To
determine the size you need, allow 30 gallons
of hot water per person in your household (a
conservation-minded family might get by with
only 10 gallons per person). Depending on
your environment and glazing, you’ll want to
plan for 1 to 2.5 gallons of water per square
foot of glazing as a general ratio for good
heating. A smaller water-to-glazing ratio
speeds up heat gain considerably but can
increase the freezing risk. If you can’t meet
the ideal, don’t lose heart. A smaller system
will still provide economical solar water pre-
warming and conserve nonrenewable energy
and cash. Batch systems with relatively small
tanks and simple enclosures are common, and
many are still doing well after 30 years, long
after most of the more complex systems have
disappeared.
5. Make an efficient, freeze-resistant
connection to the backup system. Minimize
pipe runs and insulate the pipe carefully
using foam or fiberglass insulation with
aluminum jacketing. Build it to last — if you
just use foam it will break down within a few
years. It can take up to 72 hours at 12 degrees
to freeze an exposed water heater tank, but
pipes are much more vulnerable. In a brief
freeze, you can leave the hot water on slightly
to keep the pipes from freezing. In very cold
winter climates, drain the collector tank and
pipes in the fall.
Set the system up so you can turn off the
backup heater and run solar hot water
directly to users, and so you can bypass the
solar water system if you want to drain it and
shut it down in winter. Make sure the
connections are building code approved. After
finishing the plumbing system, bleed the air
out of the tank through the screw plug at the
top of the tank until the system is full of
water.
6. Build your system to last. Use the best
materials you can afford or scrounge, and
take proper care in the construction of your
unit. It should work for 20 to 30 years, so it’s
worth doing it right. Be safe: Make sure the
tank supports are strong enough to bear the
load they’ll carry, and get some help with
moving tanks safely. If you build a high
performance heater, consider adding a
tempering valve near the backup heater so no
one gets scalded in a shower.
If you use galvanized tanks and fittings with
copper tubing, make sure the two metals are
separated by appropriate non-conducting,
dielectric fittings to prevent accelerated
corrosion. I’ve had good luck using copper
tubing, plastic dielectric connections and
galvanized fittings on my tanks.

Hydroelectric Generator: How to Build a Small One

A hydroelectric generator is the best
thing to build to produce electricity
if you have a stream flowing nearby.
We all know that scientists are in a
constant search for alternative
energy sources and this happens
because in recent years
conventional energy sources have
started to decrease significantly.
They have developed various
systems that convert the energy
from nature in electricity and many
of these systems could be built at
home, on a smaller scale, in order
to reduce electricity consumption.
After we saw how to produce
electricity using magnets or wind
power, it is time to talk about those
people who live near a river.
Often called as a low-impact hydro,
micro-hydro or run-of-stream
hydroelectric generator, this system
is not very hard to build.
To build a hydroelectric generator
you must follow these steps:

1. Preparing the Disks

Our hydroelectric generator will
consist of two main parts:
-The stator (this part is not moving
and it is equipped with coils of wire
to collect electricity)
-The rotor (the rotor is the part that
moves and has some powerful
magnets that will induce electricity
in the coils)
First you need some templates and
a cardboard. The two templates that
contain the rotor and stator scheme
must be cut and attached to the
front and back of the cardboard.
After these templates are well glued
to cardboard make a hole (1 cm) at
the center of the stator disk.

2. Attaching the Stator

Now, you have to make 4 coils that
will be attached on the cardboard.
This requires you to use a
cardboard with an oval section.
Then, start winding the wires on this
cardboard to form a tight coil (200
turns). Remove carefully the coil
from the oval section and then,
repeat this procedure to make three
more coils.
Arrange the coils on the cardboard
according to the template scheme
(their windings have to alternate
between clockwise and counter
clockwise). You must be sure that
an electron would follow the path
shown by the arrows in the
template, begining from the left
counterclockwise coil.
Connect the ends of coils and use
insulation tape to prevent any
errors. Use a multi-meter to cehck
electrical resistance (ohms). If the
wires are properly connected the
meter should produce a reading of
about 10 ohms.

3. Attaching the Rotor

At this stage you need 4 strong
magnets to be attached on the
stator template. Check the magnets,
mark the south pole on two of them
and the north pole of the remaining
two. The magnets should be
arranged on the template so that
their polarity alternates (N-S-N-S).
Then you need a cork and 8 plastic
spoons. You have to shorten the
spoons so that the handle will not
measure more than 1cm. Look at
the rotor template and insert the
spoons into the cork (1cm depth).

4. The Turbine

Make a 6mm hole through the cork
(make sure the hole is centered), fix
again the geometrical position of
the spoons and add some hot glue
to each spoon to secure it.

5. Generator body and Final
Assembly

Find a plastic tank or a bottle to
attach the rotor, the stator and the
small turbine. After you find the
center of the tank, make a hole in
that place (6mm) and fix the stator
with its coils just above the hole.
Then, attach on the same shaft the
turbine and rotor (the spoons have
to face the neck of the bottle and
the magnets should be close to the
coils (3mm between the coils and
magnets)).
It seems that our small
hydroelectric generator is almost
ready to use. All we need now is a
stream of water so that the turbine
to spin continuously as long as
there is water to drive it. If the
turbine is properly connected to the
generator this stream should
produce enough hydroelectric
power to provide juice to our
utilities or charging batteries.

Pls put your comments

How to build the thermoelectric generator

A thermoelectric generator is a
semiconductor device that
transforms the heat difference
between its two layers into
electricity.

It belongs to a class of materials
called “thermoelectrics” and are one
of auto industry’s greatest hopes in
what regards the savings obtained
from an internal combustion engine,
and is also called “Peltier
generator.”

With a Peltier generator, a car can
effectively decrease its fuel
consumption by recovering part of
the energy the engine loses as heat
and transferring it to a battery, thus
helping power the car electronics
and even air conditioning. In the
case of hybrid cars, a thermoelectric
generator unit could also translate
heat into motion.
Here’s how you can develop your
own DIY Peltier thermoelectric
generator at home:

1. Take two radiators
They have to be big enough for your
needs and wet them with thermal
fan paste on the place where the
Peltier unit will get stuck(you can
find it in any IT store/RadioShack).
2. Fabricate a thermal
insulator
This is to separate the two
radiators. It can be from anything
you can think of as long as it fits for
your application’s maximum
temperature (doesn’t melt). The
insulator should not be thicker than
the Peltier unit you’ll put between
the radiators. Cut an opening of the
size and shape of the Peltier unit so
it fits perfectly inside the insulator.
Also make space for the two wires.
3. Assemble the generator
Put together the two radiators, the
insulator with the Peltier unit and
apply a heat source on one of the
radiators. The longer you wait, the
higher the voltage and current
(power) you get from the Peltier
device.
Of course, everything has its
limitations, but with a unit the size
of the one in the following video,
you’ll easily be able to power small
gadgets you have around your
home. A bigger thermoelectric
generator would serve higher
purposes.

HOw to build tv transmitter

In this instuctable, I will show you how to make a
cheap analog tv transmitter for channels 3-4.
Disclaimer: I am not responsible for ANY
damage or an laws broken. REMEMBER, talk to
local officials about any transmissions you plan
to make because in some states, THIS IS
ILEGAL, so be warned.
Anyway, if you succesfully complete theses easy
steps, you could get a transmission radius of 5
miles easy. There is one problem, you need to
have some knowledge about antenna lengths and
tuning them. Other than that you are good to
go! ;)
Step 1: Materials:
This is what you need:
1. one RCA to TV RF Modulator- you can get it
at any superstore like wal-mart or at
Radio Shack (even at most Doller Generals)
B. Most mid-90's vcr players of a tv rf
module, but you have to unsolder it after ripping
apert the case.
2. RF TV cable with type-F connecters.
3. One power strip- can get it anywhere
cheap.
4. Any vhf tv signal amplifiers you can get
your hands on. For short range transmission, I
recomend at least two amps.
5. You need one aditional tv amp but this
one absolutely needs a Gain control. It is
Essential you get one of these because your tv
transmitter will not work. Radio Shack does carry
these but they can get pricey. Try wal-mart first,
or online.
6. You need an 75ohm to 300ohm converter
with a copper wire attached as an antenna.
7. Finally, you need a video source-in this case it
is a jazz digital camcorder- and a means of
connecting your video source into the rca
modulator.
Now that you have collected all of these
components, it is time to assemble your
transmitter.

TARTARUS (home of demons and place of torment for lost souls

Tartarus ( /ˈtɑrtərəs/ , TAR -tər-əs ; Greek :
Τάρταρος Tartaros), [1] in ancient Greek
mythology , is the deep abyss that is used as
a dungeon of torment and suffering for the
wicked and as the prison for the Titans. [2] As
far below Hades as the earth is below the
heavens, [2] Tartarus is the place where,
according to Plato in Gorgias (c. 400 BC),
souls were judged after death and where the
wicked received divine punishment. Like other
primal entities (such as the Earth, Night and
Time), Tartarus was also considered to be a
primordial force or deity.
Greek mythology
In Greek mythology, Tartarus is both a deity
and a place in the underworld . In ancient
Orphic sources and in the mystery schools,
Tartarus is also the unbounded first-existing
entity from which the Light and the cosmos
are born.
In the Greek poet Hesiod 's Theogony , c. 700
BC, Tartarus was the third of the primordial
deities , following after Chaos and Gaia (Earth),
and preceding Eros, [3] and was the father, by
Gaia, of the monster Typhon . [4]
As for the place, Hesiod asserts that a bronze
anvil falling from heaven would fall nine days
before it reached the earth. The anvil would
take nine more days to fall from earth to
Tartarus. [5] In The Iliad (c. 700 BC), Zeus
asserts that Tartarus is "as far beneath Hades
as heaven is high above the earth."
While, according to Greek mythology , the
realm of Hades is the place of the dead,
Tartarus also has a number of inhabitants.
When Cronus came to power as the King of
the Titans, he imprisoned the one-eyed
Cyclopes and the hundred-armed
Hecatonchires in Tartarus and set the
monster Campe as its guard. Zeus killed
Campe and released these imprisoned giants
to aid in his conflict with the Titans. The gods
of Olympus eventually triumphed. Cronus and
many of the other Titans were banished to
Tartarus, though Prometheus , Epimetheus ,
Metis and most of the female Titans were
spared (according to Pindar , Cronus somehow
later earned Zeus' forgiveness and was
released from Tartarus to become ruler of
Elysium ). Another Titan, Atlas , was sentenced
to hold the sky on his shoulders to prevent it
from resuming its primordial embrace with the
Earth. Other gods could be sentenced to
Tartarus as well. Apollo is a prime example,
although Zeus freed him. The Hecatonchires
became guards of Tartarus' prisoners. Later,
when Zeus overcame the monster Typhon, he
threw him into "wide Tartarus". [6]
Originally, Tartarus was used only to confine
dangers to the gods of Olympus. In later
mythologies, Tartarus became the place
where the punishment fits the crime. For
example:
King Sisyphus was sent to Tartarus for
killing guests and travelers to his castle in
violation to his hospitality, seducing his niece,
and reporting one of Zeus' sexual conquests
by telling the river god Asopus of the
whereabouts of his daughter Aegina (who had
been taken away by Zeus). But regardless of
the impropriety of Zeus' frequent conquests,
Sisyphus overstepped his bounds by
considering himself a peer of the gods who
could rightfully report their indiscretions.
When Zeus ordered Thanatos to chain up
Sisyphus in Tartarus, Sisyphus tricked
Thanatos by asking him how the chains
worked and ended up chaining Thanatos; as a
result there was no more death. This caused
Ares to free Thanatos and turn Sisyphus over
to him. Sometime later, Sisyphus had
Persephone send him back to the surface to
scold his wife for not burying him properly.
Sisyphus was forcefully dragged back to
Tartarus by Hermes when he refused to go
back to the Underworld after that. In Tartarus,
Sisyphus would be forced to roll a large
boulder up a mountainside which when he
almost reached the crest, rolled away from
Sisyphus and rolled back down repeatedly.
This represented the punishment of Sisyphus
claiming that his cleverness surpassed that of
Zeus, causing the god to make the boulder
roll away from Sisyphus, binding Sisyphus to
an eternity of frustration.
King Tantalus was also in Tartarus after he
cut up his son Pelops , boiled him, and served
him as food when he was invited to dine with
the gods. He also stole the ambrosia from the
Gods and told his people its secrets. Another
story mentioned that he held onto a golden
dog forged by Hephaestus and stolen by
Tantalus' friend Pandareus. Tantalus held onto
the golden dog for safekeeping and later
denied to Pandareus that he had it. Tantalus'
punishment for his actions (now a proverbial
term for "temptation without satisfaction")
was to stand in a pool of water beneath a
fruit tree with low branches. Whenever he
reached for the fruit, the branches raised his
intended meal from his grasp. Whenever he
bent down to get a drink, the water receded
before he could get any. Over his head
towered a threatening stone like that of
Sisyphus.
Ixion was the king of the Lapiths, the most
ancient tribe of Thessaly. Ixion grew to hate
his father-in-law and ended up pushing him
onto a bed of coal and woods committing the
first kin-related murder. The princes of other
lands ordered that Ixion be denied of any sin-
cleansing. Zeus took pity on Ixion and invited
him to a meal on Olympus. But when Ixion
saw Hera , he fell in love with her and did
some under-the-table caressing until Zeus
signaled him to stop. After finding a place for
Ixion to sleep, Zeus created a cloud-clone of
Hera named Nephele to test him to see how
much he loved Hera. Ixion made love to her,
which resulted in the birth of Centaurus , who
mated with some Magnesian mares on Mount
Pelion and thus engendered the race of
Centaurs (who are called the Ixionidae from
their descent). Zeus drove Ixion from Mount
Olympus and then struck him with a
thunderbolt. He was punished by being tied to
a winged flaming wheel that was always
spinning: first in the sky and then in Tartarus.
Only when Orpheus came down to the
Underworld to rescue Eurydice did it stop
spinning because of the music Orpheus was
playing. Ixion being strapped to the flaming
wheel represented his burning lust.
In some versions, the Danaides murdered
their husbands and were punished in Tartarus
by being forced to carry water in a jug to fill a
bath which would thereby wash off their sins,
but the jugs were actually sieves so the water
always leaked out. [7]
The giant Tityos was slain by Apollo and
Artemis after attempting to rape Leto on
Hera's orders. As punishment, Tityos was
stretched out in Tartarus and tortured by two
vultures who fed on his liver. This punishment
is extremely similar to that of the Titan
Prometheus .
King Salmoneus was also mentioned to
have been imprisoned in Tartarus after
passing himself off as Zeus, causing the real
Zeus to smite him with a thunderbolt.
According to Plato (c. 427 BC),
Rhadamanthus , Aeacus and Minos were the
judges of the dead and chose who went to
Tartarus. Rhadamanthus judged Asian souls,
Aeacus judged European souls and Minos was
the deciding vote and judge of the Greek.
Plato also proposes the concept that sinners
were cast under the ground to be punished in
accordance with their sins in the Myth of Er .
Cronus, the ruler of the Titans, was thrown
down into the pits of Tartarus by his children.
There were a number of entrances to Tartarus
in Greek mythology . One was in Aornum .

Roman mythology
In Roman mythology, Tartarus is the place
where sinners are sent. Virgil describes it in
the Aeneid as a gigantic place, surrounded by
the flaming river Phlegethon and triple walls
to prevent sinners from escaping from it. It is
guarded by a hydra with fifty black gaping
jaws, which sits at a screeching gate
protected by columns of solid adamantine , a
substance akin to diamond – so hard that
nothing will cut through it. Inside, there is a
castle with wide walls, and a tall iron turret.
Tisiphone , one of the Erinyes who represents
revenge, stands guard sleepless at the top of
this turret lashing a whip. There is a pit inside
which is said to extend down into the earth
twice as far as the distance from the lands of
the living to Olympus. At the bottom of this
pit lie the Titans, the twin sons of Aloeus , and
many other sinners. Still more sinners are
contained inside Tartarus, with punishments
similar to those of Greek myth.
Biblical Pseudepigrapha
Tartarus is only known in Hellenistic Jewish
literature from the Greek text of 1 Enoch,
dated to 400–200 BC. This states that God
placed the archangel Uriel "in charge of the
world and of Tartarus" (20:2). Tartarus is
generally understood to be the place where
200 fallen Watchers ( angels) are imprisoned.
[9]
Tartarus also appears in sections of the
Jewish Sibylline Oracles. E.g. Sib. Or. 4:186.
New Testament
See also: Christian views on hell
In the New Testament , the noun Tartarus does
not occur but tartaroo (ταρταρόω, "throw to
Tartarus"), a shortened form of the classical
Greek verb kata-tartaroo ("throw down to
Tartarus"), does appear in 2 Peter 2:4. Liddell
Scott provides other sources for the
shortened form of this verb, including
Acusilaus (5th century BC), Joannes
Laurentius Lydus (4th century AD) and the
Scholiast on Aeschylus' Eumenides, who cites
Pindar relating how the earth tried to tartaro
"cast down" Apollo after he overcame the
Python. [10] In classical texts, the longer form
kata-tartaroo is often related to the throwing
of the Titans down to Tartarus. [11]
The ESV is one of several English versions
that gives the Greek reading Tartarus as a
footnote:
For if God did not spare angels when they
sinned, but cast them into hell [1] and
committed them to chains [2] of gloomy
darkness to be kept until the judgment;"
Footnotes [1] 2:4 Greek Tartarus
Adam Clarke reasoned that Peter's use of
language relating to the Titans was an
indication that the ancient Greeks had heard
of a Biblical punishment of fallen angels. [12]
Some Evangelical Christian commentaries
distinguish Tartarus as a place for wicked
angels and Gehenna as a place for wicked
humans on the basis of this verse. [13] Other
Evangelical commentaries, in reconciling that
some fallen angels are chained in Tartarus,
yet some not, attempt to distinguish between
one type of fallen angel and another. [14]
In popular culture
Tartarus is featured in Rick Riordan 's Percy
Jackson and the Olympians and The Heroes
of Olympus novel series, where it serves its
mythological role as a location in the
Underworld. It is further noted as the place
where the spirits of defeated monsters travel
and undergo regeneration, allowing them to
eventually return to Earth. As with the ancient
Greeks, Riordan also personifies Tartarus as a
sentient being; in this case as the husband of
Gaea and father of the Giants . The rivers of
the Underworld are revealed to be his
circulatory system, and his actual form is the
realm from Greek myth. He also displays the
ability to "project" a humanoid form of
considerable power. During the Mark of Athena ,
Nico Di Angelo gets trapped in Tartarus and
nearly goes insane. Percy Jackson and
Annabeth Chase end up trapped there at the
end of the book and spend the House of Hades
wandering Tartarus to find a way out. They
succeed with the help of the Titan Iapeteus
and the Giant Damasen, but both sacrifice
themselves to save them from Tartarus
himself.
Tartarus is one of the major locations in
Persona 3 but instead of an underground
place, it is a high tower that only emerges in
the middle of the night, known as the Dark
Hour, where the main characters' school
should be. It is the main location where you
engage in combat, as well as being the place
where many main story moments take place.
Throughout the game you are climbing up the
floors and fighting Shadows, the main
monsters you fight in the game. Taratarus is
also the location in which many main story
segments take place, such as various fights
with Strega (major antagonists of the game),
and the final boss battle. It is the background
for most of the story's plot. It also makes in
appearance in Persona 4 Arena Ultimax as
one of the main backgrounds of the game,
emerging where the school the Persona 4
cast goes to is supposed to be, in a time
similar to the Dark Hour.

The lost book of the Bible

The Lost Books of the
Bible 
"
The Lost Books of the Bible and the Forgotten
Books of Eden (1926) is a collection of 17th-
century and 18th-century English translations
of some Old Testament Pseudepigrapha and
New Testament Apocrypha, some of which
were assembled in the 1820s, and then
republished with the current title in 1926.
History of the translations
Rutherford Hayes Platt, in the preface to his
1963 reprint of The Lost Books of the Bible and
the Forgotten Books of Eden states:
"First issued in 1926, this is the most
popular collection of apocryphal and
pseudepigraphal literature ever published."
The translations were first published, under
this title, by an unknown editor in The Lost
Books of the Bible Cleveland 1926, but the
translations had previously been published
many times. The Lost Books of the Bible and
the Forgotten Books of Eden is also published
by A&B publishers group, with a black and
white cover, and with black people as
protagonists. This edition has an introduction
to The Lost Books of the Bible by Dr. Frank
Cane and is prefaced by R.H.P., Jr.(New York,
January 1, 1926.) Also, at the front page of
The Lost Book of the Bible, Dr. Talmage gives
a commentary on this work.
The book is, essentially, a combined reprint of
earlier works. The first half, Lost Books of the
Bible, is an unimproved reprint of a book
published by William Hone in 1820, titled The
Apocryphal New Testament , itself a reprint of a
translation of the Apostolic Fathers done in
1693 by William Wake , who later became the
Archbishop of Canterbury, and a smattering of
medieval embellishments on the New
Testament, from a book published in 1736 by
Jeremiah Jones (1693-1724). It must be
conceded that, in the three centuries since
these were originally published, a great deal
more is known about the Apostolic Fathers
(including a good deal of the original text that
was not available in 1693) and New
Testament apocrypha.
The second half of the book, The Forgotten
Books of Eden, includes a translation originally
published in 1882 of the "First and Second
Books of Adam and Eve", translated first from
ancient Ethiopic to German by Ernest Trumpp
and then into English by Soloman Cesar
Malan, and a number of items of Old
Testament pseudepigrapha, such as reprinted
in the second volume of R.H. Charles's
Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old
Testament (Oxford, 1913).
For more modern translations see the
standard modern editions:
J. H. Charlesworth , ed. Old Testament
Pseudepigrapha 2 Vols.
W. Schneemelcher , ed. New Testament
Apocrypha 2 Vols.
M. R. James , The Apocryphal New
Testament (Oxford, 1924)
Reprint editions
The Lost Books of the Bible and the
Forgotten Books of Eden (A & B Book Dist Inc,
March 1994, ISBN 1-881316-63-7 )
The Lost Books of the Bible (Testament,
1998, ISBN 0-517-27795-6 )
The Forgotten Books of Eden (Alpha House,
1927, ISBN 0-517-30886-X , ISBN
1-56459-636-2 , ISBN 0-529-03385-2 ).
Contents of The Lost Books of
the Bible
{♦ = found in The Apostolic Fathers }
The Protevangelion
The Gospel of the Infancy of Jesus Christ
The Infancy Gospel of Thomas
The Epistles of Jesus Christ and Abgarus
King of Edessa
The Gospel of Nicodemus ( Acts of Pilate )
The Apostles' Creed (throughout history)
The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the
Laodiceans
The Epistles of Paul the Apostle to Seneca,
with Seneca's to Paul
The Acts of Paul and Thecla
♦ The Epistles of Clement (The First and
Second Epistles of Clement to the
Corinthians)
♦ The Epistle of Barnabas
♦ The Epistle of Ignatius to the Ephesians
♦ The Epistle of Ignatius to the
Magnesians
♦ The Epistle of Ignatius to the Trallians
♦ The Epistle of Ignatius to the Romans
♦ The Epistle of Ignatius to the
Philadelphians
♦ The Epistle of Ignatius to the
Smyrneans
♦ The Epistle of Ignatius to Polycarp
♦ The Shepherd of Hermas (Visions,
Commands, and Similitudes)
Letter of Herod To Pilate the Governor
Letter of Pilate to Herod
The Lost Gospel of Peter
♦ The Epistle of Polycarp to the
Philippians